Nurture and conserve biodiversity
Nature is something special. It's not just about trees and animals, but also the way they interact with one another and the uniqueness of these relationships. From birds, bats and koalas to insects and worms, they all have an important role to play.
By fostering biodiversity in your backyard you are supporting a diverse variety of plants, animals and micro-organisms that can live around your home. By complementing your indigenous garden with a bird bath or wildlife box for nesting birds, bats and possums, you are supporting the ecosystems in which these plants and animals live.
With the trend toward larger homes and a growing urban sprawl, backyards are decreasing in size and habitats supporting biodiversity are disappearing. By taking simple actions to counter this trend and actively supporting and learning about your local ecosystems, you are helping to preserve our unique flora and fauna and the habitats they live in.
Aligning your backyard to the climate and natural conditions of your region will create a refuge suitable for a range of wildlife such as butterflies, lizards and birds.
How to do it now!
Encouraging wildlife and supporting biodiversity in your backyard is done by addressing the three basic needs animals have. These are food, water, and vegetative structure (shade, protection, and breeding).
Plant an indigenous garden. By selecting indigenous plants that provide food (flowers and fruit) for local birds, bats and possums (or food for the insects they eat) you will be providing the key incentive for them to inhabit your garden. For more on this topic, see “Grow an Indigenous Garden” in the sustainable garden section of this site.
Mulch, set up rotting logs and feed the bugs. Insects, worms and bugs thrive in decomposing natural matter and are an ideal source of food for those animals ,bats and birds further up the food chain in your backyard ecosystem. Frogs and lizards also use the logs to live and nest in. Further more by adding decaying debris such as logs and mulch you improve the soil condition, which promotes plant growth (further enhancing biodiversity).
Install a bird bath or pond. A local source of fresh water is a great way to attract local biodiversity, especially given the extreme heat waves that our country has. However the vegetative structure around the source of water is important, otherwise you may attract larger birds such as starling and pigeons (rather than honey eaters).
Plant your garden to provide 4 types of structure (or layers). In natural ecosystems the diverse range of wildlife is supported through several plant layers (collectively referred to as the structure). These layers include the upper layer (trees), middle layer (shrubs), lower layer (grasses and lilies), and ground layer ) leaf litter and groundcovers). If you plant one layer you may only attract one or two species, however by planting 2, 3, or even 4 (depending on how big your garden is) then you will attract more biodiversity. In small yards it may not be possible to plant trees, however this won’t affect your garden to much. For information relating to plant structure see the Urban Forest website.
Make and install a nesting box for wildlife. Twenty percent of Australian wildlife (including birds) require hollows in which to nest and breed. Clearing old trees has resulted in a shortage of hollows for many of our native animals and birds. As a result many species of rosellas, lorikeets, parrots, kookaburras, owls as well as microbats and possums, are finding it difficult to nest and breed. It can take up 150 years for tree hollows to naturally develop. How many trees do you see that are likely to be 150 years or over? For more information on specific nest boxes and wildlife requirements see the FauNatures website.
Why is this action important?
By maintaining the biodiversity of our local ecosystems we are ensuring their long-term conservation. Learning to support biodiversity is a step toward restoring lost habitats and encourages us to understand the complex and beautiful relationships of nature or admire the sounds of birds and colours of our local plants.